Cortical Model for 3D Perception of Curved Surfaces and 2D Images

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The following article is now available at
http://www.cns.bu.edu/Profiles/Grossberg in PDF:

Grossberg, S. and Swaminathan, G. (2003).
A laminar cortical model for 3D perception of slanted and curved surfaces
and of 2D images: Development, attention, and bistability
Vision Research, in press.

ABSTRACT:
A model of laminar visual cortical dynamics proposes how 3D boundary and
surface representations arise from viewing slanted and curved 3D objects and
2D images. The 3D boundary representations emerge from non-classical
receptive field interactions within intracortical and intercortical feedback
circuits. Such non-classical interactions within cortical areas V1 and V2
contextually disambiguate classical receptive field responses to ambiguous
visual cues using cells that are sensitive to colinear contours, angles, and
disparity gradients. Remarkably, these cell types can all be explained as
variants of a unified perceptual grouping circuit whose most familiar
example is a 2D colinear bipole cell. Model simulations show how this
circuit can develop cell selectivity to colinear contours and angles, how
slanted surfaces can activate 3D boundary representations that are sensitive
to angles and disparity gradients, how 3D filling-in occurs across slanted
surfaces, how a 2D Necker cube image can be represented in 3D, and how
bistable 3D Necker cube percepts occur. The model also explains data about
slant aftereffects and 3D neon color spreading. It shows how chemical
transmitters that habituate, or depress, in an activity-dependent way can
help to control development and also to trigger bistable 3D percepts and
slant aftereffects. Attention can influence which of these percepts is
perceived by propagating selectively along object boundaries.

KEYWORDS: 3D perceptual grouping, 3D surface perception, cortical
development, attention, angle cells, disparity-gradient cells, Necker cube,
bistable percept, slant aftereffect, filling-in, V1, V2, V4, LAMINART model,
FACADE model

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